ASTM A213 Boiler,Superheater,and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
Description
1. Chemical Composition
1.1 Composition Requirements:
1.1.1 The alloy steels shall conform to the chemical requirements given in Table 1.
1.1.2 The stainless steels shall conform to the chemical requirements given in Table 2.
1.2 Product Analysis:
1.2.1 An analysis of either one billet or one tube shall be made from each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
1.2.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the elements in question, shall meet the requirements of the specification; otherwise all remaining material in the heat shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets or tubes that do not meet the requirements of the specification shall be rejected.
| Grade | Chemical Composition(%) | |||||||||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo | V | N | Ni | Al | Nb | W | B | |
| T2 | 0.10-0.20 | 0.30-0.61 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | 0.10-0.30 | 0.50-0.81 | 0.44-0.65 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T5 | ≤0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.50 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.45-0.65 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T9 | ≤0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.50 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.45-0.65 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.50 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.45-0.65 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T12 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.50 | 0.80-1.25 | 0.45-0.65 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.50 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| T23 | 0.04-0.10 | 0.1-0.6 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.5 | 1.9-2.6 | 0.05-0.3 | 0.2-0.3 | ≤0.03 | … | ≤0.03 | 0.02-0.08 | 1.45-1.75 | 0.0005-0.006 |
| T91 | 0.07-0.14 | 0.3-0.6 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | 0.2-0.5 | 8.0-9.5 | 0.85-1.05 | 0.18-0.25 | 0.03-0.07 | ≤0.4 | ≤0.04 | 0.06-0.10 | … | … |
| T92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.3-0.6 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.5 | 8.5-9.5 | 00.3-0.6 | 0.15-0.25 | 0.03-0.07 | ≤0.4 | ≤0.04 | 0.04-0.09 | 1.5-2.0 | 0.001-0.006 |
2. Grain Size
2.1 Grain size shall be as given in Table 3, as determined in accordance with Test Methods E112.
2.2 Grain size determinations, to demonstrate compliance with 8.1, shall be made on one end of one finished tube from each lot. See 15.1.
| Grade | UNS Number |
Heat Treat Type | Austenitizing/ Solutioning Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC] |
Cooling Media | Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature, min or range ºF [ºC] |
|
| ASTM Grain S |
||||||
| Ferritic Alloy Steels | ||||||
| T2 | K11547 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | … | … | ||
| subcritical anneal | … | … | 1200 to 1350 | … | ||
| [650 to 730] | ||||||
| T5 | K41545 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | ||
| T5b | K51545 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | ||
| T5c | K41245 | subcritical anneal | … | air or furnace | 1350 [730]C | … |
| T9 | S50400 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | ||
| T11 | K11597 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1200 [650] | … | ||
| T12 | K11562 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | … | … | ||
| subcritical anneal | … | … | 1200 to 1350 | … | ||
| [650 to 730] | ||||||
| T17 | K12047 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1200 [650] | … | ||
| T21 | K31545 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | … | 1250 [675] | … | ||
| T22 | K21590 | full or isothermal anneal | … | … | … | … |
| normalize and temper | … | 1250 [675] | … | |||
| T23 | K40712 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975[1040–1080] | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … |
| T24 | K30736 | normalize and tempher | 1800–1975[980–1080] | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … |
| T36 | K21001 | normalize and temper | 1650 [900] | D | 1100 [595] | … |
| T91 | K90901 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975[1040–1080] | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … |
| T92 | K92460 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975[1040–1080] | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … |
| T122 | K91261 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975[1040–1080] | … | 1350–1470 [730–800] | … |
| T911 | K91061 | normalize and temper | 1900–1975[1040–1080] | E | 1365–1435 | … |
3. Mechanical Properties
3.1 Tensile Requirements:
3.1.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties given in Table 4.
| Low Alloy Steels | ||||||
| Grade | UNS Designation |
Tensile Strength, min, ksi[MPa] |
Yield Strength, min, ksi[MPa] |
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % |
Hardness | |
| Brinell/Vickers | Rockwell | |||||
| T5b | K51545 | 60 [415] | 30 [205] | 30 | 179 HBW/ 190HV |
89 HRB |
| T9 | K90941 | 60 [415] | 30 [205] | 30 | 179 HBW/ 190HV |
89 HRB |
| T12 | K11562 | 60 [415] | 32 [220] | 30 | 163 HBW/ 170 HV |
85 HRB |
| T23 | K40712 | 74 [510] | 58 [400] | 20 | 220 HBW/ 230 HV |
97 HRB |
| T24 | K30736 | 85 [585] | 60 [415] | 20 | 250 HBW/ 265 HV |
25 HRC |
| T36 Class 1 | K21001 | 90 [620] | 64 [440] | 15 | 250 HBW/ 265 HV |
25 HRC |
| T36 Class 2 | K21001 | 95.5 [660] | 66.5 [460] | 15 | 250 HBW/ 265 HV |
25 HRC |
| T91 | K90901 | 85 [585] | 60 [415] | 20 | 190 to 250 HBW/ 196 to 265 HV |
90 HRB to 25 HRC |
| T92 | K92460 | 90 [620] | 64 [440] | 20 | 250 HBW/ 265 HV |
25 HRC |
| T122 | K91271 | 90 [620] | 58 [400] | 20 | 250 HBW/ 265 HV |
25 HRC |
| T911 | K91061 | 90 [620] | 64 [440] | 20 | 250 HBW/ 265 HV |
25 HRC |
| All other low alloy grades |
60 [415] | 30 [205] | 30 | 163 HB/ 170 HV |
85 HRB | |
3.1.2 Table 5 gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1 ⁄ 32 -in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness.Where the wall thickness lies between two values shown in Table 5, the minimum elongation value shall be determined by the following equations. For Grades T23, T24, T91, T92, T122, T911, and S44400: E = 32t + 10.00 [E = 1.25t + 10.00]. For Grade T36: E = 32t + 5.0 [E = 1.25t + 5.0]. For all other ferritic alloy grades: E = 48t + 15.00 [ E = 1.87t + 15.00].
where:
E = elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].
| Wall Thickness |
Elongation in 2 in.or 50 mm, min, %
|
|||
| in. | mm |
S44400,T23, T24, T91
Types 1 and 2,T92, T115,
T122, and T911
|
T 36 |
All Other Ferritic Grades
|
| 5/16 [0.312] | 8 | 20 | 15 | 30 |
| 9/32[0.281] | 7.2 | 19 | 14 | 29 |
| 1/4 [0.250] | 6.4 | 18 | 13 | 27 |
| 7/32 [0.219] | 5.6 | 17 | 12 | 26 |
| 3/16 [0.188] | 4.8 | 16 | 11 | 24 |
| 5/32 [0.156] | 4 | 15 | 10 | 23 |
| 1/8 [0.125] | 3.2 | 14 | 9 | 21 |
| 3/32 [0.094] | 2.4 | 13 | 8 | 20 |
| 1/16 [0.062] | 1.6 | 12 | 7 | 18 |
| 0.062 to 0.035, excl | 1.6 to 0.9 | 12 | 7 | 17 |
| 0.035 to 0.022, excl | 0.9 to 0.6 | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 0.022 to 0.015 incl | 0.6 to 0.4 | 11 | 6 | 16 |
3.1.3 One tension test shall be made on a specimen from one tube for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes. See 15.2.
3.2 Hardness Requirements:
3.2.1 The material shall conform to the hardness requirements given in Table 4. See 15.2.
3.2.2 Brinell, Vickers, or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot. See 15.2.
3.3 Flattening Test—One flattening test shall be made on specimens from each end ofone finished tube, not the one used for the flaring test, from each lot. See 15.1.
3.4 Flaring Test—One flaring test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube, not the one used for the flattening test, from each lot. See 15.1.
3.5 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1 ⁄ 8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or thinner than 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
4. Forming Operations
4.1 Tubes, when inserted in a boiler or tube sheet, shall stand expanding and beading without showing cracks or flaws.Superheater tubes when properly manipulated shall stand all forging, welding, and bending operations necessary for application without developing defects. See Note 1.
NOTE 1—Certain of the ferritic steels covered by this specification will harden if cooled rapidly from above their critical temperature. Some will air harden, that is, become hardened to an undesirable degree when cooled in air from high temperatures, particularly chromium-containing steels with chromium of 4 % and higher. Therefore, operations that involve heating such steels above their critical temperatures, such as welding,flanging, and hot bending, should be followed by suitable heat treatment.
5. Repair by Welding
5.1 Repair welding shall be performed in conformance with Specification A1016/A1016M.
5.2 All repair welds in T91 shall be made with one of the following welding processes and consumables: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + neutral flux;GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAWA5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. In addition, the sum of the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumables used to weld repair T91 Types 1 and 2 shall not exceed 1.0 %.
5.3 All repair welds in T92, T911, and T122, shall be made using welding consumables meeting the chemical requirements for the grade in Table 1.
6. Permissible Variations from the Specified Wall Thickness
6.1 Permissible variations from the specified minimum wall thickness shall be in accordance with Specification A1016/A1016M.
6.2 Permissible variations from the specified average wall thickness shall be 6 10 % of the specified average wall thickness for cold formed tubes and, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, shall be in accordance with Table 6 for hot formed tubes.
| NPS [DN] Designator | Tolerance in %, from specified | |
| Over | Under | |
| 1 ⁄ 8 to 2 1 ⁄ 2 [6 to 65] incl, all t/D ratios A |
20 | 12.5 |
| Above 2 1 ⁄ 2 [65], t/D ≤5 % A | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| Above 2 1 ⁄ 2 [65], t/D >5 % A | 15 | 12.5 |
A t = specified wall thickness
D = specified outside diameter
7. Surface Condition
7.1 Ferritic alloy cold-finished steel tubes shall be free of scale and suitable for inspection. A slight amount of oxidation is not considered scale.
7.2 Ferritic alloy hot-finished steel tubes shall be free of loose scale and suitable for inspection.
7.3 Stainless steel tubes shall be pickled free of scale.When bright annealing is used, pickling is not necessary.
7.4 Any special finish requirement shall be subject to agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.
8. Sampling
8.1 For flattening, flaring, and grain size requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes, prior to cutting, of the same size (see 4.1.7) that are produced from the same heat ofsteel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace or when the heat-treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, the number of tubes ofthe same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size ofthe tubes as prescribed in Table 7.
| Size of Tube | Size of Lot |
| 2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter and 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] and over in wall thickness | not more than 50 tubes |
| 2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter and under 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] in wall thickness |
not more than 75 tubes |
| Less than 2 in. [50.8 mm] but over 1 in.[25.4 mm] in outside diameter | not more than 75 tubes |
| 1 in. [25.4 mm] or less in outside diameter | not more than 125 tubes |
8.2 For tensile and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same size (see 4.1.7) that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when the heat-treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming,a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed; or all tubes of the same size and heat,hot formed and quenched in the same production run, except as prescribed in 9.1.3.